Are reused or recycled materials used?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Do the changed materials improve the reusability, separability or recyclability of the materials?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Are the material inputs used more efficiently (e.g. due to new production techniques)?
Are material waste streams recovered (e.g. Industrial Symbiosis)?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Is less (fossil) energy used in the production process?
Are less materials used?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Do less used materials also result in a smaller EoL-footprint?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Are different materials used for the redesigned product (e.g. to make the product modular or to increase the product lifetime)?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Does the product redesign affect the production process?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Does the redesign affect the product weight?
Are different transportation methods used?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Are the materials easier to reuse, separate and recycle or biodegrade?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Is the product more resource efficient in the use phase (e.g. less energy consumption, less cleaning necessary, etc.)?
Are users well informed how to use the product efficiently?
Estimate the effects on the PCF.
Is the lifetime of the product prolonged by the redesign? If yes, how much?
","justification":"due product redesign"}],"relatedBusinessStrategies":[135,136],"relatedDesignStrategies":[229,230],"categoryTitle":"Uphill","categoryAlias":"uphill","loopsTitle":"Slowing loops","loopsAlias":"slowing-loops","equations":[{"title":"Raw Materials","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{raw,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{raw} * \\text{raw}}{\\text{lte}}","description":""},{"title":"Manufacturing","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{man,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{man} * \\text{man}}{\\text{lte}}","description":""},{"title":"Distribution","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{dis,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{dis} * \\text{dis}}{\\text{lte}}","description":""},{"title":"Use","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{use,improved} = \\text{pcf}_{use}","description":""},{"title":"End of Life","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{eol,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{eol} * \\text{eol}}{\\text{lte}}","description":""}],"equationsDescription":""},{"id":599,"title":"Life Extension Services","alias":"life-extension-services","description":"Spare parts are sold to support the longevity of a product","impacts":[{"id":668,"alias":"lte","hint":"By how much is the product use time extended in the repair scenario?
","justification":""},{"id":672,"alias":"reu","hint":"What share of the product (in terms of its PCF) is reused?
","justification":""},{"id":674,"alias":"red","hint":"How big is the effort to distribute the spare parts?
(1= same effort as in the reference scenario)
Does the sharing scenario shorten the product lifetime, due to the intensified use of it?
","justification":""},{"id":670,"alias":"uba","hint":"Is the product used more intensly than in the reference scenario (e.g. by renting products or implementing pay-per-use models)?
How much more?
If the product life time shortens through the intensified use of it, estimate the effects here.
","justification":""},{"id":670,"alias":"uba","hint":"Is the product used more often sequentially than in the reference scenario (e.g. by providing access to multiple users)?
How much more?
How does the utilization rate of the product change due to the simultaneous use of it (e.g. higher occupancy rate of cars through pooling systems)?
","justification":""}],"relatedBusinessStrategies":[189,188],"relatedDesignStrategies":[232],"categoryTitle":"Tophill","categoryAlias":"tophill","loopsTitle":"Slowing loops","loopsAlias":"slowing-loops","equations":[{"title":"Raw Materials","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{raw,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{raw}}{\\text{liu} * \\text{uba} * \\text{usu}}","description":""},{"title":"Manufacturing","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{man,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{man}}{\\text{liu} * \\text{uba} * \\text{usu}}","description":""},{"title":"Distribution","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{dis,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{dis}}{\\text{liu} * \\text{uba} * \\text{usu}}","description":""},{"title":"Use","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{use,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{use}}{\\text{usu}}","description":""},{"title":"End of Life","equation":"\\text{pcf}_{eol,improved} = \\frac{\\text{pcf}_{eol}}{\\text{liu} * \\text{uba} * \\text{usu}}","description":""}],"equationsDescription":""},{"id":632,"title":"Reuse / Redistribute","alias":"reuse-redistribute","description":"The scenario assumes that a product has reached its \"end of need-phase\". It is redistributed to another user without reprocessing or treatment.","impacts":[{"id":668,"alias":"lte","hint":"By how much is the product use time prolonged in the reuse scenario?
(2= same additional life time as in the reference scenario)
How big is the effort to redistribute the product to the new user?
(1= same effort as in the reference scenario)
By how much is the product life time extended in the remanufacturing scenario?
(2= same additional life time as in the reference scenario)
How big is the distribution effort for getting the product to the remanufacturing site and back to the user compared to the distribution in the reference scenario?
(1= same as for a new product, 0= negligably small)
What share of the product (in terms of its PCF) is reused for another product life cycle?
","justification":""},{"id":673,"alias":"rem","hint":"How big is the effort for remanufacturing compared to the manufacturing process of the reference scenario?
(1= same effort as for a new product)
The US-company Ecovative has developed a biomaterial technology using fungal mycelium (mushroom roots) which binds together agricultural by-products (e.g. corn stalks), aiming to replace rival petrochemical plastics.At their production facility, agricultural waste particles are pasteurised, saturated with water and combined with fungal cells which grow billions of tiny fibres around the waste. The process self-assembles into any shape, growing at room temperature, in the dark and without fossil fuel inputs. A drying process to kill the organism stops the growth phase. The result is a compostable, biobased, fastly renewable, low-energy material.
","otherExamples":"Calera Calcium Carbonate Gypsum Plasterboards from recoverd CO2
\r\nDenimtex insulation from discarded Jeans
","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":256,"title":"Kalundborg Symbiosis","content":"The Kalundborg Symbiosis in Denmark is a local partnership between eight public and private entities, which was first established in 1972. It began with collaborative agreements between a few industrial companys to share water, and take advantage of waste resources (heat, steam and gas). Over its more than 45 years of existence it grew larger, with additional members joining the network. For most of this time there was no central coordinatinating authority. The main principle of their cooperation is that residue from one company becomes the resource of another, resulting in an efficient production requiring less resources. The graphic gives an overview of the flows of materials, water and energy between the partners.
","otherExamples":"Interface “Microtuft” Carpet tile with 50% less yarn use
","img1":"assets/img/kalundbord-symbiosis-img1.png","img2":"","caption1":"Material, Water and Energy Flows of the Kalundborg Symbiosis","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":257,"title":"daas baksteen","content":"The Clickbrick system from the dutch company daas baksteen is designed for reusability and a long life without maintenance. The bricks are dry stacked, assembled with steel clips, without using mortar. This results in less materials being used with an inherent ventilation system avoiding moisture. Whereas traditional bricks are usually at best downcycled at their end of life, the ClickBricks can be disassembled and reused for the same purpose.
","otherExamples":"Vitsoe modular furniture
\r\nArcadia Design modular rearrangable furniture for children
\r\nremovable and reuseable stoneware flooring for interiors and exteriors from Revigres
","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":258,"title":"Miele","content":"Miele is Germanys third-largest supplier of household appliances. The company’s primary revenue comes from the sale of their appliances. Their washing machines have a guaranteed functional lifespan of 20 years, where comparable products often only have an average lifespan of 10 years. Miele also runs its own service company. Its machines are also characterised by a comparatively low energy and consumption of detergents.
","otherExamples":"EcoTap fittings from Ecosolutions have up to 90% less water consumption during use phase
\r\nAll-wood furniture producers such as Team 7 and Grüne Erde
","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":259,"title":"Fischer lighting","content":"A transition to LEDs would usually require new LED fixtures. The existing fixtures are usually made of materials such as aluminium and that would support a longer use time. To address this, the company Fischer Lighting developed a number or patented LED kits, which can be installed in almost every type of existing fixture on the market today. After the upgrades, the company sends the replaced electronic parts to a local recycling company. This reduces the material need and waste, eases the upgrade process, and provides a cost advantage together with environmental benefits. An LCA study confirmed that up to 57% of CO2–emissions are reduced, compared to installing new fixtures.
","otherExamples":"Giroflex offers on-site repair services for their office chairs and substitutions if necessary
","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":260,"title":"Löffler","content":"The goal of the company Löffler is to deliver durable, high-quality furniture with a long lifetime. This is underlined by their business strategy of providing a 30-year warranty for all their products, for no extra costs. Additionally, the company offers an extended takeback period of 31 days, where customers can return office chairs for free. Furthermore, Löffler provides spare parts and repair services for its products.
","otherExamples":"","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":261,"title":"Hilti","content":"The company Hilti offers a service, called fleet management, where an individual selection of tools is rented for a fixed monthly rate, which includes service and repair costs. This business model has a multitude of advantages related to the cost, productivity and efficiency for both parties involved. In contrast to purchasing new tools, there are no upfront investment costs. With the monthly use rate, customers are incentivised to maximise the average utilization rate of each product, reducing the overall material footprint. On the other hand, the company has an incentive to produce high quality, low maintenance, upgradeable products. The business model is highly successful and led to a significantly higher customer loyalty level.
","otherExamples":"Doka rents out used formwork equipment
\r\nCort provides a rental service for home, office and event furnishings
","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":262,"title":"Mitsubishi Elevators Europe","content":"The Company Mitsubishi Elevators Europe is offering their elevators as a vertical-mobility service. The client pays on a per use basis, while the manufacturer remains the owner of the product. This model has advantages for both parties, as the incentives, which typically reward linear behaviour in conventional business models are turned on its head. A product provided as a service, is more economically viable the longer its lifetime, the better its performance is provided, and the less maintenance and repair is needed. All these costs are now internalised, and therefore they aim to be minimised by the company. In the case of the so-called “M-use concept” of Mitsubishi, the company sells the service with individual contracts, where factors such as the annual use rate and the length of the use phase (up to 40 years) are determined. At the end of the contract period, the client can take over the elevator for an agreed sum, or Mitsubishi disassembles the elevator and reuses components of it. During the use phase the elevators performance is measured with various sensors, which allows for predictive maintenance schedules, maximising both the availability of the elevator and the efficiency of the service personnel. For the client, the traditional short-term cost-driven focus associated with the building sector shifts to a long-term life cycle costing perspective with foreseeable costs.
","otherExamples":"Philips pay-per lux sells light as a service
","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":263,"title":"Ikea","content":"Since July 2018 Ikea Austria offers to rebuy used furniture from its customers, and thereby promotes a high-level value capture. The program covers a wide range of products, (e.g. cabinets, desks, tables, chairs, etc.). The conditions are that the furniture is in good condition, is fully assembled and can be returned as such. The return process starts via an online platform, where users upload pictures and a short description of the furniture item. The items are then reviewed by IKEA employees, and the customer receives price suggestions for the item. The price range equals up to 30% of the last sales price. The customers can than return the assembled product together with the price suggestion to a store and receive a gift certificate. The items are then sold for the same price in the store.
","otherExamples":"","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":264,"title":"Caterpillar","content":"Caterpillar is a manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, engines and turbines. The multinational company employs about 100.000 people. In 1973, Caterpillar started its Remanufacturing Program, which today employs more than 4.000 people at 17 locations and covers more than 7000 parts (mainly motor parts). The remanufactured components are sold with a warranty (the same as new ones) for a price between 40 – 60 % of newly produced ones, but they are only sold in return for used parts. New products include a deposit on the price of parts that can be remanufactured later on in the life cycle. This pricing policy encourages product returns. Between 2011 and 2015 the actual rate of returns ranged between 93 – 95 % of eligible components. The successful practice of remanufacturing also had substantial feedback on the product design, which was characterised by modularisation. The core components last for about 3 life cycles (two remanufacturing periods).
","otherExamples":"","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""},{"id":265,"title":"Niaga","content":"Carpets are usually made of a complex array of chemicals, including Latex and PVC, rendering the carpets’ materials unrecoverable. In the US carpets take up the second-most landfill space, behind only to diapers. Yearly, about 1.600.000 tons of carpets are landfilled in the US alone, amounting to a material value loss of about 5 billion $. The company Niaga (“again” spelled backwards) has developed a carpet material, which can be restored fully. Carpets are created either of pure polyester or a combination of polyester and polyamide, polypropylene or wool. To allow the decoupling of the two materials, Niaga invented an adhesive that decouples on demand. At the end of its use phase, a recycler is able to “unclick” the adhesive for harvesting two pure material streams. The company actively supports the recycling process by endorsing product- take back, sharing recycling manuals with recyclers, reaching out to consumers and working together with manufacturers and retailers to stimulate the return flow.
","otherExamples":"Desso closed loop recycling within their own takeback programme
","img1":"","img2":"","caption1":"","caption2":"","imgSource1":"","imgSource2":""}],"influences":[{"id":163,"title":"Return Channel","description":"Offering a method to collect products after the use phase","alias":"rn","blockTitle":"Channels","blockAlias":"channels","relatedStrategies":[188,189,190,191,192],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":0,"notes":"How do we design a cost-efficient and easy takeback system? (e.g. drop off points, pick-ups) "},{"id":164,"title":"Re-Sale Channel","description":"Offering a secondary use channel, often distinct from the primary channel for new products","alias":"rs","blockTitle":"Channels","blockAlias":"channels","relatedStrategies":[191,192],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":1,"notes":"Through which channel do we offer used carpets for sale?"},{"id":1572277673607,"title":"Network of Authorised Dealers","alias":"alias-1572277673607","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"channels","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":2,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277686770,"title":"Online Sales","alias":"alias-1572277686770","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"channels","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":3,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":167,"title":"Product Return Incentive","description":"Mechanisms such as deposits or credits are enforced to incentivise takeback schemes","alias":"ri","blockTitle":"Cost Structure","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[191,192,193],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":4,"notes":"rental fee + deposit ensures the return of the carpets"},{"id":168,"title":"Labour Costs","description":"for providing labour-intensive services such as refurbishing","alias":"la","blockTitle":"Cost Structure","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[136,135,137,188,192,193],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":5,"notes":"new employees for providing the takeback scheme and refurbishing the carpets"},{"id":170,"title":"Financing Costs","description":"insurance costs, leasing costs, upfront investment costs, etc.","alias":"fi","blockTitle":"Cost Structure","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[189,190],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":6,"notes":"Revenue streams are not as imminent as in the classic sales model. Carpets in the rental scheme are repaid with delay. The financial performance must anticipate this!"},{"id":171,"title":"Transportation and Logistics","description":"service provision, additional transports, asset tracking, etc.","alias":"tl","blockTitle":"Cost Structure","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[189,190,191,192],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":7,"notes":"Additional logistics costs due to the parallel management of used, refurbished and new carpets"},{"id":1572277417480,"title":"Facilities","alias":"alias-1572277417480","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":8,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277428464,"title":"Production Costs","alias":"alias-1572277428464","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":9,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277439713,"title":"Employees","alias":"alias-1572277439713","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":10,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277450216,"title":"Material Costs","alias":"alias-1572277450216","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":11,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":169,"title":"Manufacturing Costs","description":"due to changing materials, sources, quantities, processes, storing capacity, energy needs, etc.","alias":"ma","blockTitle":"Cost Structure","blockAlias":"cost-structure","relatedStrategies":[133,134],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":12,"notes":""},{"id":161,"title":"Recurring Relationship","description":"through updates, maintenance, repair, addons, etc.","alias":"rr","blockTitle":"Customer Relationships","blockAlias":"customer-relationships","relatedStrategies":[137,188,192],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":13,"notes":"Direct and recurring contact to our customers through the rental scheme!"},{"id":162,"title":"Long-Term Relationship","description":"through contracts, subscriptions, leasing, services, etc.","alias":"lt","blockTitle":"Customer Relationships","blockAlias":"customer-relationships","relatedStrategies":[189,190],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":14,"notes":"Recurring Customer Relationships might lead to long-term customer contacts and a new networks"},{"id":1572277644079,"title":"B2C Sales","alias":"alias-1572277644079","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"customer-relationships","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":15,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277654902,"title":"B2B Sales","alias":"alias-1572277654902","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"customer-relationships","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":16,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277664318,"title":"Brand Awareness","alias":"alias-1572277664318","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"customer-relationships","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":17,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":248,"title":"Product Attachment","description":"Customers are attached to the products due to its high efficiency, value, premum branding, etc.","alias":"pa","blockTitle":"Customer Relationships","blockAlias":"customer-relationships","relatedStrategies":[135],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":18,"notes":""},{"id":165,"title":"New Customer Segments","description":"quality-conscious, green customers, cost-conscious, etc.","alias":"nc","blockTitle":"Customer Segments","blockAlias":"customer-segments","relatedStrategies":[133,136,135,137,188,189,190,191,192,193],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":19,"notes":"Short-Term users within the rental scheme; Price conscious customers buying used carpets; Green public procurement; green customers; etc."},{"id":1572277696159,"title":"Business Customers (e.g. Event Organizers)","alias":"alias-1572277696159","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"customer-segments","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":20,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277766846,"title":"Private Customers","alias":"alias-1572277766846","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"customer-segments","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":21,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":166,"title":"Vertical Customer","description":"new customer segments outside the current value chain (Industrial Symbiosis, recipients of waste material streams etc.)","alias":"vc","blockTitle":"Customer Segments","blockAlias":"customer-segments","relatedStrategies":[134,193],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":22,"notes":""},{"id":155,"title":"Service Provision","description":"providing services which support the longevity of the product (support, maintenance, repair, etc.)","alias":"sv","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[137,188,189,190],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":23,"notes":"takeback scheme, refurbishing, resale of used carpets, marketing, etc."},{"id":240,"title":"Design for product-life Extension","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d2","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[136,137],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":24,"notes":"As a longer life time, implicitly also means higher profits per service unit in the rental scheme, carpets must be redesigned to last as long as possible. "},{"id":242,"title":"Design of use- or result-oriented services","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d4","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[189,190],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":25,"notes":"detachable, separable carpet redesign; standard sizes; \nuse of materials that are easy to clean and/or better resist staining"},{"id":245,"title":"Design for materials sustainability","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d7","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[133,134,192],"selected":true,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":26,"notes":"Getting the products and materials back unlocks the possibility of using longer lasting materials which can be reintroduced in the production of new carpets"},{"id":1572277463664,"title":"Manufacturing","alias":"alias-1572277463664","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":27,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277475216,"title":"Product Development and Design","alias":"alias-1572277475216","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":28,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277489055,"title":"Distribution and Logistics","alias":"alias-1572277489055","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":29,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":1572277516129,"title":"Marketing and Sales","alias":"alias-1572277516129","description":"","blockTitle":"","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":true,"index":30,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":false,"original":true,"custom":false,"active":false,"notes":""},{"id":239,"title":"Design of long-life Products","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d1","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[135,191],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":31,"notes":""},{"id":241,"title":"Design of product-oriented services","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d3","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[188],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":32,"notes":""},{"id":243,"title":"Design for recycling","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d5","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[133,193],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":33,"notes":""},{"id":244,"title":"Design for remanufacturing","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d6","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":34,"notes":""},{"id":246,"title":"Design for energy sustainability","description":"see also CE Designer","alias":"d8","blockTitle":"Key Activities","blockAlias":"key-activities","relatedStrategies":[134],"selected":false,"expanded":false,"expandedCompare":false,"circular":true,"original":false,"custom":false,"index":35,"notes":""},{"id":140,"title":"Reverse logistics","description":"product, component or material recovery provided by a third party (may also be 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